Por Marco Anibal Avirama
Senador Alianza Social Independiente
Nuestra Constitución Política que celebra 25 años de existencia, establece en el capítulo relativo a los derechos fundamentales que “la paz es un derecho y un deber de obligatorio cumplimiento” (art. 22). Consecuentemente señala entre los deberes y obligaciones del ciudadano “Propender al logro y mantenimiento de la paz” y “Defender y difundir los derechos humanos como fundamento de la convivencia pacífica” (art. 95).
Algunos intentos de solución política al conflicto armado interno se dieron en los últimos años del siglo pasado mediante conversaciones de paz entre los sucesivos gobiernos y los grupos guerrilleros con algunos acuerdos de desmovilización, que no alcanzaron a la firma de un acuerdo de paz integral. En efecto estos acuerdos no pasaron de considerar la desmovilización de los alzados en armas, sin atender a la búsqueda de soluciones de las causas detonantes del conflicto interno, logrando entonces pocos resultados en la construcción de una paz estable y duradera.
La carta política del 91 colocó en el centro del catálogo de derechos ciudadanos, el derecho a la paz. Este derecho ha tenido posteriores desarrollos en fallos de la corte constitucional que ha afirmado la paz como un derecho fundamental vinculado con la vigencia efectiva de los derechos humanos.
Celebramos que se termine la guerra con la profunda convicción de que empezar a vivir en paz solo es posible en la medida que resolvamos los conflictos sociales, culturales, ambientales, vinculados al ejercicio despótico del poder, a la imposición de intereses de grupos dueños del mismo, a la inequitativa distribución de la riqueza, a la corrupción y la impunidad que la acompaña, a la indiferencia de las autoridades y de los ciudadanos frente a los impactos nocivos y daños causados a la tierra y quienes la habitamos.
Quienes vivimos de cerca por más de 50 años la guerra interna en Colombia, esperamos que el dos de octubre los colombianos marquemos un hecho histórico que reviva la esperanza de dejar a nuestros hijos un país donde las diferencias se resuelvan por vías diferentes al uso de las armas y la violencia, así como nuestro compromiso con la construcción de una paz que transforme las condiciones de inequidad e injusticia social en que vivimos.
¿Por qué votaremos SI al acuerdo final de La Habana? Señalamos algunas razones:
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Pone fin a un conflicto armado que no ha podido ser resuelto por la vía militar en más de medio siglo de confrontación con este grupo insurgente. En consecuencia los paramilitares perderán el sustento político y financiero de empresarios y terratenientes ante las amenazas de la insurgencia.
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El acuerdo busca desarmar a la guerrilla a cambio de abrirle espacios de participación en espacios políticos. Cambio de las armas por las urnas como ejercicio de la actividad política. No nos asustan las 10 curules que se asignarán a dedo y las 16 posibles que ganen en las circunscripciones especiales.
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Lograremos la terminación del conflicto armado interno que ha producido más de siete millones de víctimas que han sido despojados de “por lo menos 8,3 millones de hectáreas y 350.000 predios”. Urge responder a la implementación real de la ley de victimas que está rezagada y a la de restitución de tierras que tantos enemigos tiene.
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Porque hay un modelo de justicia transicional que respeta las reglas internacionales en materia de justicia cuando se trata de procesos de paz, como lo reconoció la fiscal de la Corte penal internacional.
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Los recursos que se gastan en la guerra se podrán destinar a programas de inversión social. Se calcula que el gasto en defensa producto del conflicto por año es de cerca de $20 billones sin incluir las pérdidas humanas y las inversiones y el turismo que no se hacen por temor.
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Según datos oficiales Colombia ahorraría $7,1 billones en degradación ambiental por año. Solo en relación con la deforestación es de casi tres veces más en municipios de conflicto.
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Los costos de un excombatiente en proceso de reintegración es de $5,7 millones al año, mientras una persona en el sistema carcelario cuesta al país $17,5 millones por año. Es imperativo invertir recursos públicos en la reintegración de los excombatientes a la vida civil.
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Se darían mejores garantías al ejercicio del derecho a la oposición política y la participación de minorías lo que contribuirá a cualificar la democracia.
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La inversión y la generación de empleo desde el sector privado se fomentaría al desaparecer la extorsión, el boleteo y el secuestro. Un estudio de Planeación revela que la guerra interna impide la creación de más de un millón de empleos.
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El acuerdo consigna un enfoque diferencial en relación con mujeres y grupos étnicos, sobre estos últimos respetando el principio de no regresividad y el derecho a la consulta previa, lo que ha sido puesto como ejemplo a tener en cuenta por organismos internacionales.
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La producción agrícola, ganadera y campesina estará libre de miedos, se pondrá en marcha un modelo diferencial para las zonas rurales que han sufrido más la guerra dotando de tierras a los campesinos con apoyo para la producción
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Si gana el NO nos encontraremos en la zozobra y la angustia y volveríamos a contar las violaciones de los derechos humanos y las victimas que no quisiéramos que se repitan.
No tendremos un acuerdo de paz perfecto, pero lo preferimos sin dudar a una guerra sin salida. Porque la búsqueda y construcción de paz es, además de un derecho que debe garantizar el Estado, un deber ciudadano que a todos nos compromete. Por eso los llamamos a todos a expresar el SI a la terminación de la guerra para dar paso a una paz que transforme las condiciones de vida de todos los colombianos, en especial de los más pobres y vulnerables para que NUNCA MAS alguien tenga motivos para reclamar justicia usando la violencia, o para defender sus intereses por la vía de las armas.
MARCO ANIBAL AVIRAMA AVIRAMA
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